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| Tuskegee Airmen, 1940's |
Sixty-two years after their legendary World War II exploits, the members of America's first all-black fighter squadron, the Tuskegee Airmen, were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor on March 29, 2007. In 1940, at a time when Blacks were barred from serving in the U.S. Military flight training program, Charles Edward "Chief" Anderson, who would later become a 1948 alum of the polymer chemistry program at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, started the Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP) at the Tuskegee Institute of Alabama.
Anderson's CPTP and its military follow-on, which he also directed, were responsible for training the pilots who became the famous Tuskegee Airmen. "Chief" Anderson is widely acclaimed as the father of Black Aviation. A self-taught pilot, Anderson was the first African American to receive a pilot's license in 1929.
Renowned for their squadron's achievements, the Tuskegee Airmen flew more than 15,000 sorties over North Africa and Europe during World War II and destroyed more than 250 enemy aircraft on the ground and 150 in the air. The squadron never lost a bomber to enemy aircraft fire during their escort missions. No other escort unit could claim such a record. In recognition of their outstanding service to the nation, the entire squadron is now being honored as a group with the Congressional Medal of Honor.
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| Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles E. Anderson |
When Eleanor Roosevelt visited Tuskegee Army Air Field in 1941, she insisted on taking a ride in an airplane with a black pilot at the controls. The First Lady's pilot was "Chief" Charles Anderson. Mrs. Roosevelt, a pioneering Civil Rights Activist, insisted her flight with Anderson be photographed, and immediately developed the film so she could take pictures back to Washington to persuade FDR to activate the Tuskegee Airmen in North Africa and in the European Theater.
Credited with the training of over 900 airmen at the Tuskegee Institute, Anderson's flying squadron helped persuade President Harry Truman, in 1948, to end segregation in the U.S. military, thus opening America to a new social order. That same year, Anderson received a Masters of Science in Chemistry from the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, and went on to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to become the first African American man to receive a PhD in Meteorology in 1960, with a dissertation entitled "A Study of the Pulsating Growth of Cumulus Clouds.
From 1965 to 1966 Anderson worked in Washington, D.C., as the director of the Office of Federal Coordination in Meteorology in the Environmental Science Service Administration, part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. In this position Anderson established the first World Weather Watch program.
In 1966 Anderson began a 20-year career at the University of Wisconsin when he became the University's first tenured African-American professor. At Wisconsin, Anderson was professor of space science and engineering, professor of meteorology, chairman of the Contemporary Trends course, chairman of the Afro-American Studies Department, and chairman of the Meteorology Department. In 1978 he was appointed associate dean of the University.
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| Charles E. Anderson '48 |
In 1970 Anderson participated in the Northeast Hail Research Experiment where scientists were first able to use satellite data in their research. Having earlier worked with IBM computers at Douglass Aircraft Missiles and Space Systems Division, where he built upon the work of Joanne Simpson to produce the first moist cloud model on a computer, Anderson took full advantage of the satellite data and the growing field of computer science to study storms and tornadoes.
Using remote sensing technology that had been designed for oceanography, Anderson revolutionized the field by introducing new analytical schemes and high-powered statistics, and gained national recognition for storm forecasting. In particular, Anderson discovered ways to identify tornadic storms by the way they spin, which led to scientists' ability to predict severe storms and tornadoes up to an hour before they arrived in populated areas.
As a research professor, Anderson challenged fellow faculty members to strive for high quality research and to be truly productive members of the research community. Anderson continued working until his death on October 21, 1994, from cancer. In 1999 the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) established the Charles Anderson Award to honor his contributions to meteorology. According to an NCAR news release in 2000, the award was established "to recognize individuals or organizations for outstanding contributions to the promotion of educational outreach, educational service, and diversity in the atmospheric science community."















