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At NYU-POLY, softwares like fire dynamic simulator (FDS), Fluent 6.3, Comsol multiphysics, etc. are being used to create fire simulations.
These simulation softwares can actually create infinite number of real-life fire scenarios including natural phenomena like stack effect and reverse stack effect. It is being used to provide scientific basis for the observed phenomena during live burns at Governers Island.
The outputs of the simulations are being used for making validated simple predictive software tool to educate and train firefighters for the wind driven high rise firefighting tactics. It can also be utilized to validate the results and observations for pre-experiment or post-experiment purpose.
In addition, simulation avoids significant expenditure of money and time which would spend on creating live burn experiments.
Researchers at NYU-POLY are simulating the fire-scenarios based on the experiences of FDNY officials by introducing various important parameters like wind, smoke, heat, building and stairwell structures, vents, etc.
The effect of fire fighting strategies against such high rise fires is being calculated and compared with observations during live burn experiments.
PPV under wind driven effect
These are the raw simulations done in the initial stages of the research for better understanding of various parameters (such as placement of fans, number of fans, bulkhead door positions, fire floor, wind speed etc.) of PPV deployment under various wind conditions.
The basic timeline and inputs to the simulation assumes that the fire/ ignition start in corner bedroom of one of the typical residential apartments. The apartment has typical fire load and the apartment door was left open by the occupants. The building model is similar to the Building # 844, Governors Island - NY. The timelines are mentioned at the bottom of every video to notify the events in the simulation.
The effect of above mentioned parameters on PPV performance has been analyzed for the cases of fires on different floors. To view the simulations please select the respective apartment from the drop down menu on left hand side.
PPV with WCD under wind driven effect
These are the raw simulations done in the initial stages of the research for better understanding of WCD deployment to increase the effectiveness of PPV under various wind conditions.
The basic timeline and inputs to the simulation assumes that the fire/ ignition start in corner bedroom of one of the typical residential apartments. The apartment has typical fire load and the apartment door was left open by the occupants. The building model is similar to the Building # 844, Governors Island - NY. After the bedroom single window failure (may be purposeful failure), firefighter deploys the wind control device over the bedroom double window through which the wind is entering into the apartment. The timelines are mentioned at the bottom of every video to notify the events in the simulation.
The effect of WCD deployment on PPV performance has been analyzed for the cases of fires on different floors. To view the simulations please select the respective apartment from the drop down menu on left hand side.
PPV simulations
These are the raw simulations done in the initial stages of the research for better understanding of various parameters (such as placement of fans, number of fans, bulkhead door positions, fire floor etc.) of PPV deployment under no wind conditions.
The basic timeline and inputs to the simulation assumes that the fire/ ignition start in corner bedroom of one of the typical residential apartments. The apartment has typical fire load and the apartment door was left open by the occupants. The building model is similar to the Building # 844, Governors Island - NY. The timelines are mentioned at the bottom of every video to notify the events in the simulation.
The effect of above mentioned parameters on PPV performance has been analyzed for the cases of fires on different floors. To view the simulations please select the respective apartment from the drop down menu on left hand side.
Sequential ventilation
Sequential ventilation is a technique, where the smoke on floor above/below the fire floor is vented more efficiently using PPV fans. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of PPV for sequential ventilation, the typical model of residential building in New York City has been selected to simulate different PPV deployment strategies for sequential ventilation. The building model has one cross-type stairwell (A and B) and single stairwell (C), as shown in fig below.
In all cases, it has been assumed that the smoke has been trapped on the sixth floor and the smoke is to be vented through one or two stairwell doors by deploying one PPV fan. Depending on the location of deployment of PPV fan and possible smoke vents, nine different sequential ventilation cases have been considered and the effectiveness of each PPV deployment strategy is compared and discussed in this section.
Effectiveness of PPV deployment w.r.t. apartment locations
The fire apartment location is one of the most important factors in the deployment of PPV fans and other WDHR tactics. In this section, the effectiveness of deployments of PPV fans and wind control device w.r.t. fire apartment location has been analyzed. The typical model of residential building in New York City with one cross-type stairwell (A and B) and single stairwell (C) has been selected to simulate WDHR tactics. In this model, three different possibilities of fire apartment locations have been considered as shown in fig below: Leftmost apartment, Central apartment, Rightmost apartment.
Fire in leftmost apartment
Fire in central apartment
Fire in rightmost apartment
Also, three different locations of PPV deployment (Stairwell A, B or C) have been considered for each fire apartment. In all nine cases, it has been assumed that the ignition starts in the bedroom of the fire apartment on fifth floor. The apartment has typical fire load (sofa, chairs, beds, etc.) and the apartment door was left open by the occupants. Also the stairwell doors on the fifth floor were left open. In every simulation, wind driven conditions (10 m/s or 22 mph) create rapid spread of smoke and heat after the bedroom double window failure. This wind driven effect has been mitigated by deploying the wind control device at bedroom double window. Firefighter deploys the PPV fans at certain locations (mentioned in timeline at the bottom of the video) by the controlling the stairwell and bulkhead doors. The smoke in the public hallway has been vented through one of the other stairwells (mentioned in the timeline at the bottom of the video). In case of fire in leftmost or rightmost apartment, firefighter breaks the window (not facing the wind) to vent the smoke through apartment. The simulations are aiming to decide the optimum position of deployments of PPV fans w.r.t. fire apartment location. The timelines are mentioned at the bottom of every video to notify the events in the simulation.
Bending Angle = 65 degree
Bending Angle = 66 degree
Bending Angle = 67 degree
Bending Angle = 68 degree
Bending Angle = 69 degree
Bending Angle = 70 degree
3G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Open
3G One Fan at Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G One Fan at Lobby Bulkhead Open
3G Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Open
3G Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Open
3G Two Fans at Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G Two Fans at Lobby Bulkhead Open
5G One Fan at Third Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G One Fan at Third Floor Bulkhead Open
5G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Open
5G One Fan at Lobby Bulkhead Closed
5G One Fan at Lobby Bulkhead Open
5G Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Open
5G Two Fans at First Floor and Third Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G Two Fans at First Floor and Third Floor Bulkhead Open
5G Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
5G Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Open
7G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Open
7G One Fan at Third Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G One Fan at Third Floor Bulkhead Open
7G One Fan at Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G One Fan at Fifth Floor Bulkhead Open
7G Two Fans at First Floor and Third Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G Two Fans at First Floor and Third Floor Bulkhead Open
7G Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Open
7G Two Fans at Third Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G Two Fans at Third Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Open
3G WCD(5)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(10)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(15)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(20)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(5)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(10)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(15)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G WCD(20)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(5)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(10)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(15)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(20)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(5)Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(10)Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(15)Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G WCD(20)Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(5)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(10)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(15)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(20)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(5)Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(10)Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(15)Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G WCD(20)Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(5))(WCC)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(10))(WCC)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(15))(WCC)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(20))(WCC)One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(5))(WCC)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(10))(WCC)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(15))(WCC)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
3G (WCD(20))(WCC)Two Fans at First Floor and Lobby Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(5))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(10))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(15))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(20))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(5))Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(10))Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(15))Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
5G (WCC)(WCD(20))Two Fans at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(5))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(10))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(15))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(20))One Fan at First Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(5))Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(10))Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(15))Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G (WCC)(WCD(20))Two Fans at First Floor and Fifth Floor Bulkhead Closed
7G Bulkhead Always Closed With PPV and Wind Driven Condition
7G Stairwell Door Opened Completely With Wind Driven Condition
7G Stairwell Door Opened and Wind Driven At 33mph and Blanket
7G Stairwell Door Open and Without Wind Driven Conditions
7G Stairwell Door is Two Thirds Open With Wind Conditions
7G Stairwell Door is Onethird Opened With Wind Condition
7G Stairwell Door is Half Opened With Wind Condition
7G Stairwell Door Completely Opened With Wind Conditions 44mph
7G Stairwell Door Completely Opened With Wind Conditions 33mph
7G Stairwell Door Completely Opened With Wind Conditions 11mph
7G Bulkhead Door not Closed Once Open With Wind Condition
7G Stairwell Door Open and Wind Driven at 44 mph and Blanket
7G Stairwell Door open and Wind Driven at 22mph and Blanket
7G Stairwell Door Open and Wind Driven at 11mph and Blanket
5G Stairwell Door Open With Wind and Bulkhead Open till End
5G Stairwell Door Completely Open with Wind Driven Condition
3G Stairwell Door Open With Wind and Bulkhead Open Till End
3G Stairwell Door Completely Open With Wind Driven Condition
7G Two Fans at First and Fifth Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph And Blanket
7G Two Fans at First Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph And Blanket
7G Two Fans at First and Third Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph And Blanket
7G Two Fans at Third and Fifth Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph And Blanket
7G Two Fans at Third and Fifth Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph And Blanket Special
7G Two Fans at First Wind Driven at 44 mph
7G Two Fans at First and Third Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph
7G Two Fans at First and Fifth Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph
7G Two Fans at Third and Fifth Floor With Wind Driven at 44 mph
7G Two Fans at Third and Fifth floor wind driven at 44mph Special
Smoking Ventilation Part 1
Smoking Ventilation Part 2
Smoking Ventilation Part 3
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